Retirement Calculator

A common rule: multiply your desired annual retirement income by 25 (the "4% rule"). To spend $60,000/year in retirement, you need $1.5 million. This assumes a 4% annual withdrawal rate and a 30-year retirement.

Research (the "Trinity Study") found that withdrawing 4% of your portfolio in year one, then adjusting for inflation, has historically lasted 30+ years in almost all market conditions. It is a starting point, not a guarantee.

At minimum, contribute enough to get your full employer match — that is free money. Ideally, save 15% of gross income for retirement. Max 401(k) contribution in 2025 is $23,500 ($31,000 if age 50+).

Roth = pay taxes now, withdrawals tax-free. Traditional = tax deduction now, pay taxes in retirement. If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement, Roth wins. Most experts suggest using both to diversify tax risk.

Yes. The FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement targets 25× annual expenses. With a 3.5% withdrawal rate for longer retirements, you may need 28–30× expenses. Retiring early means more years of withdrawals and less time to save.