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Quadratic Formula Calculator

Solve quadratic equations with the quadratic formula

Results are estimates for informational purposes only — not professional financial, medical, or legal advice. See how we build and verify our calculators.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the quadratic formula?

For ax^2 + bx + c = 0: x = (-b ± sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a). The discriminant b^2 - 4ac determines the type of roots: positive = two distinct real roots; zero = one repeated real root; negative = two complex conjugate roots.

What is the discriminant?

The discriminant is b^2 - 4ac. If > 0: two distinct real roots (parabola crosses x-axis twice). If = 0: one repeated real root (parabola is tangent to x-axis). If < 0: no real roots, two complex conjugate roots (parabola does not cross x-axis).

How do I factor a quadratic equation?

To factor x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0: find two numbers that multiply to c (6) and add to b (-5). Those are -2 and -3: (x-2)(x-3) = 0, so x = 2 or x = 3. When factoring is difficult, use the quadratic formula — it always works.

What is the vertex of a parabola?

The vertex is the minimum or maximum point of the parabola y = ax^2 + bx + c. Vertex x = -b/(2a). Vertex y = c - b^2/(4a). If a > 0, it is a minimum (parabola opens up). If a < 0, it is a maximum (parabola opens down).

Can I solve a quadratic by completing the square?

Yes. For x^2 + bx + c = 0: (1) Move c: x^2 + bx = -c. (2) Add (b/2)^2 to both sides: x^2 + bx + (b/2)^2 = -c + (b/2)^2. (3) Factor left side: (x + b/2)^2 = discriminant/4. (4) Solve: x = -b/2 ± sqrt(discriminant/2). This is essentially how the quadratic formula is derived.

Solution Methods

Factoring (When?)
When you can find two integers that multiply to c and add to b. Fastest when it works.
Quadratic Formula (Always works)
x = (-b ± sqrt(b^2-4ac)) / 2a. Use when factoring is difficult or discriminant is negative.
Completing the Square (For understanding)
Algebraic technique that derives the quadratic formula. Useful for conic sections.
Graphing (Approximate)
Find where parabola crosses x-axis. Accurate if using a graphing calculator.

Real-World Applications

Projectile motion: h = -16t^2 + v0t + h0 (find when ball hits ground)
Profit optimization: P = -x^2 + 50x - 200 (find max profit)
Area problems: find dimensions from area constraints
Physics: kinematics equations with constant acceleration
Engineering: beam deflection, stress calculations
Finance: break-even analysis with quadratic cost curves